Chemical composition of pure copper and copper alloys

Chemical composition of pure copper and copper alloys: copper, brass, white copper, bronze, oxygen-free copper.
 
First, pure copper
 
Pure copper is a rose-red metal, which is purple after a copper oxide film is formed on the surface, so industrial pure copper is often called red copper or electrolytic copper. The density is 8-9g / cm3, and the melting point is 1083 ° C. Pure copper has good electrical conductivity and is widely used in the manufacture of wires, cables, brushes, etc .; it has good thermal conductivity, and is often used to make magnetic instruments and meters that must be protected against magnetic interference, such as compasses and aviation instruments; it is extremely plastic and easy to heat Pressing and cold pressing can be made into copper materials such as tubes, rods, wires, strips, strips, plates, foils and so on. There are two types of pure copper products: smelted products and processed products.
 
Copper alloy
 
1.Brass
 
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. The simplest brass is copper-zinc binary alloy, called simple brass or ordinary brass. Brass has leaded and lead-free free-cutting brasses. Brass with different mechanical properties can be obtained by changing the zinc content in the brass. The higher the zinc content in brass, the higher the strength and the lower the plasticity. The zinc content of brass used in the industry does not exceed 45%. No matter how high the zinc content is, it will cause brittleness and deteriorate the alloy performance.
 
In order to improve the performance of brass, brass with other alloying elements is called special brass. Commonly used alloying elements are silicon, aluminum, tin, lead, manganese, iron and nickel. Adding aluminum to brass can increase the yield strength and corrosion resistance of brass, and slightly reduce plasticity. Brass containing less than 4% aluminum has good comprehensive properties such as processing and casting. Adding 1% tin to brass can significantly improve the resistance of brass to seawater and marine atmospheric corrosion, so it is called "Navy Brass". Tin also improves the machinability of brass. The main purpose of leaded free-cutting brass plus lead is to improve the machinability and wear resistance. Lead has little effect on the strength of brass. Manganese brass has good mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion resistance; adding aluminum to manganese brass can also improve its performance and obtain a smooth surface casting. Brass can be divided into two types of products: casting and pressure processing.
 
What is the chemical composition of pure copper and copper alloys?
 
2.Bronze
 
Bronze is the earliest alloy used in history. Originally referred to as copper-tin alloy, it was called bronze because of its gray-gray color. In order to improve the technical and mechanical properties of the alloy, other alloy elements such as lead, zinc, and phosphorus are also added to most bronzes. Since tin is a scarce element, many tin-free non-tin bronzes are also used in the industry. Not only are they cheap, they also have the required special properties. Wuxi bronze is mainly aluminum bronze, beryllium bronze, manganese bronze, silicon bronze and so on. There are also more complex ternary or quaternary bronzes. Copper alloys other than brass and white copper (copper-nickel alloy) are now called bronze.
 
Tin bronze has higher mechanical properties, better corrosion resistance, friction reduction, and good casting properties; less sensitivity to overheating and gas, good welding performance, non-ferromagnetic, and small shrinkage coefficient. Tin bronze is more resistant to corrosion in the atmosphere, seawater, fresh water, and steam than brass. Aluminum bronze has higher mechanical properties than tin bronze, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance, no ferromagnetism, good fluidity, no tendency to segregation, and can obtain dense castings. Adding elements such as iron, nickel, and manganese to aluminum bronze can further improve the various properties of the alloy.
Bronze is also divided into two categories: pressure processing and casting products.
 
3.Silver bronze
 
Copper-based alloys with nickel as the main additive element are silver-white and are called white copper. The copper-nickel binary alloy is called ordinary white copper, and the copper-nickel alloy with elements such as manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum is called complex white copper. Pure copper plus nickel can significantly improve strength, corrosion resistance, resistance, and thermoelectricity. Industrial copper is divided into structural copper and electrical copper according to different performance characteristics and uses, which meet various corrosion resistance and special electrical and thermal properties. Most copper is processed into copper by pressure.